Trends of thought within Islam in Indonesia can be broadly categorized into two orientations: ' modernism', which closely adheres to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning, and ' traditionalism', which tends to follow the interpretations of local religious leaders and religious teachers at Islamic boarding schools ( pesantren). In terms of schools of jurisprudence, based on demographic statistics, 99% of Indonesian Muslims mainly follow the Shafi'i school, although when asked, 56% do not adhere to any specific school.
Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country. In terms of denomination, the overwhelming majority are Sunni Muslims the Pew Research Center estimates them as comprising ~99% of the country's Muslim population in 2011, with the remaining 1% being Shia who are concentrated around Jakarta and about 400,000 Ahmadi Muslims as well. Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia, with 87% of the Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslims, based on civil registry data in 2022.
